第四讲 介词和介词短语
1、 改正下列句子中的唯一错误：
; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】on→to
【分析】句意：去年7月，贝尔访问了欧洲。pay a visit to...意为“参观/访问……”，为固定短语。
; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】laughed后加at
【分析】句意：由于发音非常差，我常常让人误解，甚至遭到别人嘲笑。laugh at sb.嘲笑某人，本句用了被动结构。
; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】删除in
【分析】this、that、every、each、last、next等修饰名词作时间状语时，其前不需要介词。
; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】apply后加for
【分析】句意：在2014年3月，我得到一个在中国求职的机会。apply for申请。
; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】on→in
【分析】句意：大家正在排队等候时，一个青年携带他的儿子来到大家身后。wait in line排队等候。
; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】addition 后加 to
【分析】 句意：得知这里不少人除去说他们的国家语言外还说英语，我感到吃惊。in addition to为介词短语，后面接宾语，意为“除……以外（还……）”。
; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】deal后加with
【分析】句意：他说蛇容易处置，由于它们没腿。“be+adj.+不定式”为常用结构，deal with处置；应付；解决，为固定短语。
; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】on→at
【分析】句意：看着这类小雕像，大家都很开心。look at看，依据句意可知答案。
; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】in→on
【分析】句意：后来，我有机会在湖面划船了。依据句意可知，划船是在湖面之上，并不是在湖水中，故用介词on。
[江西重点中学2016协作体联考]I hope I will find a job in an adverti百度竞价推广ent company where I will enjoy my work and get along well to my colleagues.
【答案】.to→with
【分析】表示“与某人相处”用固定短语get along with sb.。
[湖北高中2016联考]I'm eager to join in the activity and I'm sure I will benefit greatly by such an opportunity.
【答案】by→from
【分析】表示“从……中受益”用固定搭配benefit from。
[广东佛山2016质检]Hearing of this,the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate's face turned red.
【答案】删除of
【分析】hear of表示“间接听到某消息”，依据句意，hear在此表示“听见”，可作及物动词，其后直接接宾语，故删除of。
[河北“五个一名校网盟”2016质检]Immediately the homeless dog filled me of sympathy. So I decided to take him home.
【答案】of→with
【分析】表示“充满……”与fill搭配的介词是with而不是of。
[河南八市重点高中2016联考]What we saw made us pick up our things and run back for the car as quickly as possible.
【答案】for→to
【分析】此处表示“跑回车上”，故用介词to表示“朝，往，对着（某方向）”。
.[河南豫南九校2016首次联考]An accident happening in a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude.
【答案】in→on
【分析】表示在具体的某天上午、下午或晚上用介词on。
[湖北四地七校2016联考]First of all,we should make it a rule to eat healthy food, in case unhealthy food does harm for our health.
【答案】for→to
【分析】表示“对……有害”用do harm to...c
[四川攀枝花2016统考]When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him to the tool box.
【答案】to→with
【分析】help sb.with sth.意为“在某方面帮助某人”。
[山西2015第四次诊断]To improve my grades,I paid more attention for the teachers' talking in class.
【答案】for→to
【分析】pay attention to意为“注意”，为固定搭配。
19.; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】about→with
【分析】句意：他对大家严格需要。be strict with sb.对某人需要严格；be strict about sth.对某事需要严格。
20.; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">【答案】way
【分析】后加 to on one's way to...在某人去往……的路上，interview为名词，故需要加介词to。
21..[河南洛阳2016一模]Thank you for sending to me the Schedule for Summer English Courses.
【答案】删除to
【分析】 send意为“发送，发出（信息、电子信号等）”，为及物动词，其后直接接宾语，因此to多余。
22.A famous opera will be performed at the Sichuan Opera House at 2 p.m. in May Day.
【答案】in改为on
【分析】表示时间且具体到”在某一天”时要用介词on。
23. Mr. Li is my head teacher. He is now in his thirties and has been teaching in almost ten years.
【答案】把almost前的in改为for
【分析】依据时态和语境可知，该处应用“for+一段时间"。"in+一段时间”表示以说话时为起点的一段时间之后，与一般以后时连用。
24..For doing physical exercise, I'm becoming stronger and more confident than before.
【答案】For改为By
【分析】for作介词时表示缘由，by表示方法、办法，此处表示”通过训练身体”这一方法，故可知应将For改为By。
25.. One day, she asked me to help her of volunteering.
【答案】将of改为with
【分析】 help的使用方法为help sb.do sth.和help sb.with sth.,空后为动名词volunteering,故将of改为with。
26.. When we were seated, Tony's mother put various foods which were unfamiliar with me onto the plates.
【答案】with改为to
【分析】 be familiar/unfamiliar to sb.意为"为某人所熟知/不熟知"。
27.. For his opinion, actors should go on even when they feel they have made mistakes in their performances because the moment is already gone and people can never be back to it.
【答案】For改为In
【分析】 in one's opinion为固定搭配，意为"在某人看来"。
28..Therefore,I couldn't be absorbed in study, resulting from my failing in the examination.
【答案】from改为in
【分析】句意：因此我没办法集中注意力学习，致使我在考试中失败。result in 意为“致使”；result from意为"由于，因为"。
29..A teacher is always believed to be one of the greatest occupations, because teachers make great contributions for the world.
【答案】for改为to
【分析】 make contributions to...为固定搭配，意为"为……做贡献”。
30.. Last term, I went to America for a student exchange programme. Before going, I was quite proud in my English.
【答案】in改为of
【分析】 be proud of意为"为……而自豪”，为固定搭配。
31. All these years, they have been living a normal life. But they are sick the life.
【答案】在sick后面加of
【分析】be sick of为固定搭配，意为"厌恶，厌倦"。
32. Don't undervalue the role we can play with. Do remember we can make a difference! Take action right now!
【答案】去掉with
【分析】此处表示不要低估了大家所能发挥有哪些用途。play a role为固定搭配，表示"起某种用途",不与with搭配。固定短语 play with...表示"和……一块玩，玩……”。
33. According my personal experience, keeping a diary every day is a good way to achieve the aim .
【答案】在According后面加to
【分析】according to是固定搭配，意为“依据”。
34. To her surprise, Li Ping found the old man was waiting her. Li Ping felt really ashamed when the old man returned the shoes to her.
【答案】在waiting后面加for
【分析】wait是不及物动词，后面要接介词，才能跟宾语，wait for sb.表示“等某人”。
考试知识点小结 英语中有不少不及物动词翻译为汉语却是及物动词，在汉语中要直接跟宾语，但在英语中需要跟一个介词，才能接宾语，如look at看；listen to听；arrive at/in到达；appeal to呼吁；refer to参考；rely on/upon依赖；depend on/upon取决于，依靠于；reply to 回答。
35.There are many kinds of activities for us to take part.
【答案】在part后面加in
【分析】take part in是固定搭配，意为"参加"
考试知识点小结“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语假如置于句尾，考生因为遭到汉语思
维的影响，易漏掉结尾的介词。这种动词短语还有：make use of 借助；pay attention to 注意；take care of 照看，照顾；take notice of注意；make notes of 记录；take advantage of 借助；take pride in...因……而自豪；set foot on踏上。
36. More interestingly, I tried operating on some aircraft by myself. During the visit, I took lots of pictures as well.
【答案】去掉on
【分析】operate为及物动词，在该处意为”操作”，后面直接跟宾语，故去掉介词on。此处表示我亲自尝试操作了一些飞行器。易混短语：operate on sb. for sth."因事给某人动手术”。
37. In the end, I managed to reach on the TOP of the mountain.
【答案】去掉on
【分析】reach在此处是及物动词，意为“到达”，后面直接跟宾语，无需加介词。
考试知识点小结 因为遭到汉语思维的影响，考生容易忽视一些及物动词后面多加的介词。这种错误一般有：offer sb. sth ."给某人提供某物”，在此使用方法中offer后不加to; serve the people"为人民服务",serve后不加for; approach sb."挨近某人",approach后不加to。
短文填空
Dear fellow students,
With the popularity of cellphones and the Internet, some of us students spend too much time play with cellphones or computer games, which are bad for our studies. Worse still, we had little time communicate with our parents and friends. So do we have time for physical exercise.
What shall we do it to improve the situation? All of us shouldn't realize the negative effects of modern media. Let's limit your time of playing with cellphones or computer games. Instead we should spend less time playing sports or talking with our parents and friends , who helps us relax and communicate .
That's all. Thank you!
【答案】
第一处：play→playing spend some time/moneydoing sth.意为“花浪费时间间或资金做某事”，为固定搭配。
第二处：are→is which引导定语从句，先行词是前面整件事情，故从句谓语动词应用单数。
第三处：had→have依据上下文可知时态为一般目前时，故将had改为have。
第四处：在time后加to表示“没时间做某事”需用have little time to do sth.,have在此为实义动词。have假如作使役动词，则用have sb. do sth.的结构。
第五处：So→Neitherr 句意为：更为糟糕的是，大家几乎没时间与爸爸妈妈和朋友交流。大家也没时间训练身体。表示后者的状况与前者一样时，一定句用so,否定句用neither或nor加倒装结构。
第六处：删除it what引导特殊疑问句，并在句中充当do的宾语，表示'大家应该做的事情”。故it多余。
第七处：shouldn't→should句意为：大家所有人都要意识到现代媒体的消极影响。依据上下文可知，作者是建议大家认了解现代媒体的消极用途，应是一定句，所以将shouldn't改为should。第八处：your→our依据本段第一句“大家应该干什么来改变这种情况？”可知应用our。
第九处：less→more此处表示“大家应该花更多的时间进行体育运动”，而非更少的时间，故将less改为more。
第十处：who→which 逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整件事情，故不可以用who引导。
2、
Yesterday was my the 18th birthday. As Father and Mother thought it was a big occasion for me, they suggested I held a birthday party at home to celebrate it. For several days they had been busy preparing it. By 4 o'clock I was pleased to see all my friend had come. Mother cooked us a big meal.We ate and talked happy. The most excited moment was when Mother put a big birthday cake on the table and all present began to sing Happy Birthday. Seeing the 18 candles burnt, I couldn't keep back her tears. Mother asked me to make a wish after I blew out all the candles. After which,everyone enjoyed the sweet birthday cake and shared my happiness.
【答案】
第一处：删除the序数词前有形容词性物主代词时，其前无需再加冠词。表达“某人……岁过生日”用“one's+序数词+birthday"。
第二处：held→hold suggest意为“建议”，后面接宾语从句时，宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should do sth.”结构，should可以省略。
第三处：在 preparing 后加 for prepare for...为固定搭配，意为“为……作筹备”。
第四处：friend→friends依据全文语境及前面的all可知，参加过生日聚会的朋友不止一个，故此处应用可数名词复数形式。
第五处：happy→happily 修饰谓语动词ate和talked应用副词。
第六处：excited→exciting 此处表示“让人激动的时刻”，应用exciting,意为“让人开心的”。excited意为“感到开心的”，一般用于修饰人。
第七处：burnt→burning 此处为“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，candles与burn之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，故应用目前分词作宾语补足语。
第八处：her→my句意为：看着18根燃烧的蜡烛，我忍不住掉下眼泪。依据语境可知，此处应指“我”的眼泪。
第九处：after→before句意为：在我吹灭所有蜡烛之前，母亲让我许个愿。依据知识可知此处指的应是在吹蜡烛之前许愿，故将after改为before。
第十处：which→that 此句指代的是一个完整的句子而非定语从句。that可作代词，指代上文的全部或部分内容，但which不能。
